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姓名 張庭華(Ting-Hua Cheng )  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程研究所
論文名稱 海岸山脈安山岩之鹼-骨材反應特性及抑制方法
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摘要(中) 本文針對海岸山脈安山岩進行鹼-骨材反應特性及抑制方法的研
究,以調整鹼含量及海岸山脈安山岩含量的方式,進行水泥砂漿棒
膨脹試驗(ASTM C227)、混凝土角柱試驗(ASTM C1293),探討
海岸山脈安山岩在鹼-骨材反應過程中的膨脹特性。並利用飛灰和爐
石兩種波索蘭材料分別置換水泥砂漿棒及混凝土角柱中部份水泥
量,以探討抑制海岸山脈安山岩鹼-骨材反應的成效。此外,針對花
東海岸線的混凝土消波塊進行現地調查及鑽心取樣工作,並進行醋
酸鈾試驗及相關分析。
根據研究結果發現,海岸山脈安山岩具有明顯的鹼-骨材反應,
改變水泥砂漿棒及混凝土角柱中海岸山脈安山岩含量,發現悲極值
(pessimum)的存在,安山岩悲極比例約為50%。此外,骨材中只
要有少量海岸山脈安山岩,即可使膨脹應變量大幅增加,產生危害
性的膨脹量。
以飛灰和爐石兩種波索蘭材料抑制海岸山脈安山岩的鹼-骨材反
應,可以得到明顯的效果,飛灰和爐石取代水泥比例愈高,抑制效
果愈佳,而抑制效果會因波索蘭材料置換水泥的比例、波索蘭材料
種類、反應性骨材的種類及試體中的鹼含量不同而異。
本文對花東海岸線濱海地區進行鹼-骨材反應案例之現地調查及
鑽心取樣分析,發現調查地點之混凝土消波塊具有鹼-骨材反應的多
項特徵,包括:不規則地圖狀裂縫、貫穿骨材裂縫、出現反應膠體、
骨材邊緣發生暗色或淺色的反應圈等。此外,將鑽心試體切片進行
醋酸鈾螢光試驗,沿裂縫處或安山岩骨材周圍常出現淡黃綠色的螢
光反應,可作為鹼-骨材反應生成物膠體存在的佐證。從前述各種徵
象綜合研判,調查地點混凝土消波塊之劣化應與鹼-骨材反應有關。
摘要(英) The main goal of this article is to investigate the characteristics of
alkali-aggregate reaction of andesites from coastal range and search for a
solution. In order to inhibit this kind of phenomena, two methods
provided here include the adjustment of alkali contents and andesites’
contents in mortar bar test (ASTM C227)as well as concrete prism
test (ASTM C1293) in order to study the expansion of this reaction.
Furthermore, the cement used in ASTM C227 and ASTM C1293
were replaced with different amounts of fly ash and slag to prevent an
alkali-aggregate reaction. In addition, samples of the drilling core of
precast concrete blocks were obtained from Hualien-Taitung seaside and
analyzed using by uranyl acetate fluorscence method.
Based on our results, we have observed an obvious change in the
alkali-aggregate reaction of andesite from coastal range. Also we have
found that the pessimum content of andesite is around 50% when the
amount of andesite in mortar bar and concrete prism was changed.
Moreover, a small amount of andesite from costal range will create the
expansion dramatically and cause damage.
Thus the addition of fly ash and slag (pozzolan materials) will inhibit
the alkali-aggregate reaction of andesite from the coastal range. It is
also obvious that the better inhibition will be obtained when a higher
content of fly ash and slag is in the concrete. The occurrence of the
inhibition effect is based on the ratio of the contents of pozzolan materials
in concrete, the kinds of pozzolan materials , reactive aggregate and
alkali contents of samples.
We have characterized the alkali-aggregate reactions of precoast
concrete blocks from Hualien-Taitung seaside as the following. An
irregular map crack, the depth of aggregate crack, the appearance of
reactive gel and dark or pale reaction rims surrounding aggregates.
Moreover, when the drilling core samples were tested using the uranyl
acetate fluorescence method, the appearance of pale yellow-greenish
fluorescence surrounding the cracks is evidence of the existance of
reactive gel in the alkali-aggregate reaction. In summary, the
deterioration of precast concrete blocks from Hualien-Taitung seaside is
related to the alkali-aggregate reaction.
論文目次 中文摘要… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .Ⅰ
英文摘要… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .Ⅱ
目錄… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Ⅵ
圖目錄… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .Ⅷ
表目錄… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . XI
照片… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .XII
第一章 緒論....................................................................................1
1-1 研究動機..........................................................................1
1-2 研究目的..........................................................................2
1-3 研究範圍及方法...............................................................3
1-4 論文架構..........................................................................3
第二章 文獻回顧.............................................................................8
2-1 鹼-骨材反應概論..............................................................8
2-2 鹼-骨材反應的分類..........................................................8
2-2-1 鹼-氧化矽反應.....................................................8
2-2-2 鹼-碳酸鹽反應.....................................................8
2-2-3 鹼-矽酸鹽反應.....................................................9
2-3 鹼-骨材反應之機制........................................................... 10
2-3-1 鹼-骨材反應機制............................................... 10
2-3-2 鹼-骨材反應的過程........................................... 13
2-4 影響鹼-骨材反應膨脹的因素............................................ 16
2-4-1 反應性骨材........................................................ 16
2-4-2 孔隙溶液............................................................ 20
2-4-2-1 水泥成分中的鹼.................................21
2-4-2-2 孔隙溶液中的鹼.................................25
2-4-3 水灰比............................................................... 27
2-4-4 溫度................................................................... 27
2-4-5 濕度................................................................... 28
2-4-6 混凝土的孔隙率................................................ 29
2-4-7 附加劑............................................................... 29
2-5 鹼-骨材反應的特徵........................................................ 30
2-5-1 外觀方面............................................................ 30
2-5-2 內部方面............................................................ 32
2-6 鹼-骨材反應造成之危害................................................ 34
2-7 悲極值(pessimum)之探討.......................................... 35
2-7-1 悲極值(pessimum)......................................... 35
2-7-2 造成悲極值存在之因素..................................... 36
2-7-2-1 反應性骨材含量.................................36
2-7-2-2 反應性骨材粒徑.................................37
2-7-2-3 鹼量.................................................... 38
2-7-2-4 波索蘭材料之添加量.......................... 38
2-8 抑制鹼-骨材反應的方法................................................ 39
2-9 波索蘭材料與鹼-骨材反應之關係.................................. 41
2-10 醋酸鈾螢光試驗法........................................................ 43
第三章 試驗計劃與方法................................................................ 44
3-1 試驗規劃........................................................................ 44
3-2 試驗材料........................................................................ 46
3-3 試驗方法與步驟............................................................. 49
3-3-1 鹼-骨材反應潛能之化學試驗(ASTM C289
Chemical Method)............................................. 49
3-3-1-1 儀器與試劑.......................................... 51
3-3-1-2 試驗步驟............................................. 51
3-3-1-3 試驗配比............................................. 57
3-3-2 鹼-骨材反應潛能之水泥砂漿棒試驗(ASTMC227 Mortar Bar Test) .................................... 57
3-3-2-1 儀器與條件........................................ 58
3-3-2-2 試驗步驟............................................ 59
3-3-2-3 試驗配比............................................ 62
3-3-3 鹼-骨材反應潛能之加速水泥砂漿棒試驗
(ASTM C1260 Accelerated Mortar Bar Test)..... 64
3-3-3-1 儀器與條件........................................ 65
3-3-3-2 試驗步驟............................................ 66
3-3-3-3 試驗配比............................................ 68
3-3-4 混凝土角柱膨脹試驗法( ASTM C1293
Concrete Prism Test).................................. 69
3-3-4-1 儀器與條件........................................ 69
3-3-4-2 試驗步驟............................................ 71
3-3-4-3 試驗配比............................................ 72
3-3-5 醋酸鈾螢光試驗................................................. 74
3-3-5-1 辨別基礎............................................ 74
3-3-5-2 設備及材料準備................................ 74
3-3-5-3 試驗程序............................................ 75
第四章 試驗結果及分析................................................................ 76
4-1 海岸山脈安山岩反應性之探討....................................... 76
4-1-1 鹼-骨材反應潛能之化學試驗.............................. 76
4-1-2 加速水泥砂漿棒試驗(ASTM C1260) .............. 79
4-1-3 水泥砂漿棒膨脹試驗(ASTM C227)................ 79
4-1-4 混凝土角柱試驗(ASTM C1293)...................... 86
4-1-5 綜合討論.............................................................. 88
4-2 不同海岸山脈安山岩含量對鹼-骨材反應之影響........... 95
4-2-1 加速水泥砂漿棒試驗(ASTM C1260) .............. 96
4-2-2 水泥砂漿棒試驗(ASTM C227)........................ 99
4-2-3 混凝土角柱試驗(ASTM C1293).................... 104
4-2-4 綜合討論............................................................ 111
4-3 不同波索蘭材料置換水泥比例對膨脹量之影響.......... 112
4-3-1 水泥砂漿棒膨脹試驗......................................... 112
4-3-2 混凝土角柱試驗(ASTM C1293).................... 125
4-3-3 綜合討論............................................................ 132
4-4 現地案例調查及分析探討............................................ 136
4-4-1 石梯漁港........................................................... 137
4-4-2 大俱來............................................................... 142
4-4-3 永福................................................................... 146
4-4-4 烏石鼻............................................................... 147
4-4-5 重安.................................................................... 154
4-4-6 嘉平.................................................................... 158
4-4-7 鑽心試體反應性骨材含量分析 ........................ 163
第五章 結論與建議..................................................................... 174
5-1 結論.............................................................................. 174
5-2 建議.............................................................................. 176
參考文獻........................................................................................ 177
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指導教授 田永銘(Yong-Ming Tien) 審核日期 2001-7-17
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